Aquaculture market, diversity, and economic development of Bangladesh for the millennium 1995-2019

Bangladesh is regarded as one of the most favorable regions in the world for aquaculture and fisheries attributed to its largest flooded wetland and third-largest aquatic biodiversity in Asia, behind China and India. The aquaculture in Bangladesh is crucial to the economy and diet of the world population. The purpose of this thesis is to review on aquaculture market, diversity, and their contribution in the economy in Bangladesh. Data for the period 1995-2020 were collected from Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and other information was sourced from literature. The author also discusses a variety of natural and manmade challenges that the aquaculture sector is facing including environmental pollution, overfishing, imbalanced urban and industrial development, natural disasters, and climate change. These factors work together to create a serious threat to income, food security, and biodiversity. The findings show that freshwater aquaculture has more potential to contribute to the development of Bangladesh

Knowledge and public health practices during lockdown towards COVID-19 in Bangladesh

The study aimed to assess the role of having knowledge and essential hygiene practices to prevent coronavirus pandemic and to find out the relationship between people’s knowledge and good hygiene practices with socio-demographic variables during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation. In this study, data were collected from 248 respondents for cross-sectional study using voluntary response sampling from April, 30 2020 to May, 30 2020, during lockdown situation in Bangladesh. Descriptive statistics were done to calculate the frequencies and percentages by using Stata SE 14.2 (StataCorp). Chi-square was performed at the significance level of 5% to find the factors which were associated with knowledge about COVID-19. After knowing about COVID-19, 86.29% respondents had taken preventive measures and 71.37% respondents had agreed to stay at home. Among the respondents, 47.98% were involved in services and were positively associated with good general knowledge of preventive practices. Our present findings indicated significant relationship between good general knowledge and practice of general people towards COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh. The findings of the study are helpful for the researchers and the population to follow all good promotional practices for preventive measures against coronavirus

MAPE-K/MAPE-SAC: An interaction framework for adaptive systems with security assurance cases

Security certification establishes that a given system satisfies properties and constraints as specified in the system security profile. Mechanisms and techniques have been developed to assess if and how well the system complies with the properties, thereby providing a degree of confidence in the security certification. Generally, certification of security controls defined by NIST SP800-53 is performed at design time to provide confidence in a system’s trustworthiness to achieve the organization’s mission and business requirements. Assuring confidence in a self-adaptive system’s security profile is challenging when both functional and security conditions may change at run time. Static security solutions are insufficient, given that dynamic application of defense mechanisms often needs to dynamically adapt security functionality at run time as part of self-protection. This security adaptation may hinder maintaining functional constraints or vice versa. In addition, adaptation capabilities may give rise to the need for dynamic certification, which can be a difficult procedure given the complexity of the security dependencies. Confidence in an information system’s compliance with security constraints can be expressed using security assurance cases (SACs). NIST security controls are defined with a hierarchical structure that makes them amenable to being specified in terms of SACs. A collection of SACs for related security controls form a network that can be used to measure the confidence of security compliance through certification-based evidence. Once the system is deployed, environmental and functional uncertainties may require the coordination of functional and security adaptations. This paper introduces the MAPE-SAC, a security-focused feedback control loop, and its interaction with a MAPE-K, function and performance-focused control loop, to dynamically manage run-time adaptations in response to changes in functional and security conditions. We illustrate the use of both control loops and their interaction with an example of two independent systems that need to cooperate to facilitate autonomous search and rescue in the aftermath of a natural disaster.Computer Scienc

Evaluating Security Assurance Case Adaptation

Security certification processes for information systems involve expressing security controls as functional and non-functional requirements, monitoring deployed mechanisms that satisfy the requirements, and measuring the degree of confidence in system compliance. With the potential for systems to perform runtime self-adaptation, functional changes to remedy system performance may impact security control compliance. This impact can extend throughout a network of related controls causing significant degradation to the system’s overall compliance status. We represent security controls as security assurance cases and implement them in XML for management and evaluation. The approach maps security controls to softgoals, introducing achievement weights to the assurance case structure as the foundation for determining security softgoal satisficing levels. Potential adaptations adjust the achievement weights to produce different satisficing levels. We show how the levels can be propagated within the network of related controls to assess the overall security control compliance of a potential adaptation

Assessing the Risk of an Adaptation using Prior Compliance Verification

Autonomous systems must respond to large amounts of streaming information. They also must comply with critical properties to maintain behavior guarantees. Compliance is especially important when a system self-adapts to perform a repair, improve performance, or modify decisions. There remain significant challenges assessing the risk of adaptations that are dynamically configured at runtime with respect to critical property compliance. Assuming compliance verification was performed for the originally deployed system, the proof process holds valuable meta-data about the variables and conditions that impact reusing the proof on the adapted system. We express this meta-data as a verification workflow using Colored Petri Nets. As dynamic adaptations are configured, the Petri Nets produce alert tokens suggesting the potential proof reuse impact of an adaptation. Alert tokens hold risk values for use in a utility function to determine the least risky adaptations. We illustrate the modeling and risk assessment using a case study

Conflict prevention in post-war Sri Lanka : obstacles and the way forward

After the end of the devastating protracted civil war, Sri Lanka is undergoing through a comprehensive post war preventive peace building process. These post war efforts in the country reveal a unique approach of contemporary conflict prevention enterprise in the context of the way the government conducts its post war activities. The emergence of the victors’ peace situation poses question towards the conflict prevention paradigm, which does not give any clear guidance to prevent relapse and establish sustainable and positive peace in such a context where the victors lacks a political will to address the root causes of conflict through political reform and to use the conflict prevention process as a medium of building trust. The purpose of the research is to see how conflict prevention has been carried out in post war Sri Lanka and examine whether it is effective to establish sustainable peace and prevent relapse of conflict or not. The research is based on the case study of the various conflict prevention efforts taken by different actors. The study is conducted as a comparative study of theory and case to simplify the research and draw conclusions which can question or support some of the existing practical efforts in Sri Lanka in particular and theoretical approach in general. As a methodology the research applies the theoretical framework of conflict prevention which covers not only conflict resolution but also prevent the relapse of conflict. The research is designed to address the question of conflict prevention in Sri Lanka as well as to reveal the deficiencies of the theory in resolving this type of post war situation. The research proves that the existing theory does not give much guidance to post war situation of victor’s peace. Therefore, it requires more research for a successful policy recommendation in such a situation

Road Accident and Safety Issue in Bangladesh: A Critical Review

Road accidents are a major public health concern in Bangladesh, causing significant harm to individuals and society as a whole. Despite various initiatives taken by the government, the number of road accidents continues to increase, highlighting the need for a legal approach to address this issue. This study aims to analyze the current legal framework in Bangladesh with regards to road safety and identify potential areas for improvement. The study found that the current legal framework in Bangladesh contains several provisions aimed at promoting road safety, including the Bangladesh Road Transport Act, the Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation Act, and the Bangladesh Road Transport Authority Act. However, these laws lack effective enforcement mechanisms, and there is limited accountability for those who violate traffic rules. This has led to widespread flouting of traffic regulations and a high incidence of road accidents. The study recommends the introduction of stricter penalties for those who violate traffic rules, including fines and imprisonment. It also suggests the establishment of an independent road safety commission to monitor compliance with traffic rules and to ensure effective implementation of road safety measures. The commission should have the authority to investigate road accidents and to take appropriate actions against those found responsible persons. Additionally, the study recommends the introduction of mandatory training programs for all drivers and the provision of better infrastructure and technology to support road safety. This may include the installation of traffic lights and speed cameras, as well as the use of innovative technologies such as GPS-based monitoring systems. In conclusion, a legal approach is crucial in addressing the problem of road accidents in Bangladesh. By introducing stricter penalties, establishing an independent road safety commission, and investing in road safety infrastructure and technology, the government can help to reduce the number of road accidents and save lives. Further research is needed to understand the impact of these measures and to identify additional ways to promote road safety in Bangladesh

Road Accident and Safety Issue in Bangladesh: A Critical Review

Road accidents are a major public health concern in Bangladesh, causing significant harm to individuals and society as a whole. Despite various initiatives taken by the government, the number of road accidents continues to increase, highlighting the need for a legal approach to address this issue. This study aims to analyze the current legal framework in Bangladesh with regards to road safety and identify potential areas for improvement. The study found that the current legal framework in Bangladesh contains several provisions aimed at promoting road safety, including the Bangladesh Road Transport Act, the Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation Act, and the Bangladesh Road Transport Authority Act. However, these laws lack effective enforcement mechanisms, and there is limited accountability for those who violate traffic rules. This has led to widespread flouting of traffic regulations and a high incidence of road accidents. The study recommends the introduction of stricter penalties for those who violate traffic rules, including fines and imprisonment. It also suggests the establishment of an independent road safety commission to monitor compliance with traffic rules and to ensure effective implementation of road safety measures. The commission should have the authority to investigate road accidents and to take appropriate actions against those found responsible persons. Additionally, the study recommends the introduction of mandatory training programs for all drivers and the provision of better infrastructure and technology to support road safety. This may include the installation of traffic lights and speed cameras, as well as the use of innovative technologies such as GPS-based monitoring systems. In conclusion, a legal approach is crucial in addressing the problem of road accidents in Bangladesh. By introducing stricter penalties, establishing an independent road safety commission, and investing in road safety infrastructure and technology, the government can help to reduce the number of road accidents and save lives. Further research is needed to understand the impact of these measures and to identify additional ways to promote road safety in Bangladesh

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potentials of Merremia hederacea (Burm.Fil) Leaves

Background and Aim: This study aimed to identify the existence of phytochemical compounds and evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of the leaves extract of Merremia hederacea which is commonly known as ivy woodrose. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant potency was measured using DPPH radical scavenging method and reducing power capacity followed by calculating phenol and flavonoid contents. To test the anti-inflammatory effect, the protein-denaturation method was applied. Results: Based on the DPPH scavenging activity, the IC50 value of the extract was determined to be 416.977. The amounts of phenolic content and flavonoids as well as the reducing power of this extract were found satisfactory. The extract remarkably hindered the denaturation of protein in the anti-inflammatory activity test with a maximum of 68.86% inhibition at 500 μg/mL concentration. Conclusion: The results indicate that M. hederacea leaves have favorable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potencies; hence, this plant can be an effective source of new potent drug

Women’s Perception of Air Pollution and Associated Health Hazard Aspects – A Study in Low-Income Urban Space in Bangladesh

This paper explores women s perception of air pollution and associated health hazards they experience in the low-income urban community of Bangladesh Following the qualitative methodology the research employs primary and secondary data to scrutinize the linkage betweenair pollution and women s health Data analysis in both percentages and an interpretive thematic approach was supported by two focus group discussions and 15 in-depth interviews conducted in the Mridhabari area in Matuail one of the environmentally vulnerable areas in urban Bangladesh The findings show that poor women s comprehension of emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants is unsound and erroneous Though women suffer from multiple physical psychological and reproductive health sicknesses due to their stay in a place with poor air quality their apathetic outlook on health reinforced by socially accepted gender norms ignorance misconception and blind faith contributes to avoiding seeking any medical treatment while getting sic